Refrigerating apparatus



Oct. 1,' 1929 w, Q HlLDRETH 1,730,145

REFRIGERATING APPARATUS Filed April 16. 1926 4 Sheets-Sheet l @ct1,1929.\N.O.HMDRETH L J I REFRIGERATING APPARATUS E Filed April 16. 1926 4Sheets-Sheet 2 I? w m 1 I! I5 25 1? "2 mama BY rm NEYS Oct. 1, 1929. w.o. HlLDRETH 1,730,145

REFRIGERATING APPARATUS Filed April 16. 1926 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 vrlllllllll llllllllll,

.v/llll lllzrl I r ure 2.

Patented Oct; 1 1929 UNITED STATES PATET OFFICE WILLIAM o. HILJDRETH, orsmcusn, mew YORK, assrenoa mo THE LmsoN cont- PANY, or smcusn, NEW xonx,A conrom'rron or massacnusn'r'rs BEFBIGEBATING APPTUQ Application filedApril 16,

This invention relates to certain new and useful improvements inrefrigerating Ina-- chines.

The main object of the invention is the production of a simple, compactannd eflicientrefrigerating machine that is particularly designed forhousehold purposes, altho adapted for use in many and var1ous places.-

A further object resides in the provision of a condensing coil of novelform and arrangement, and which constitutes a guard and partialenclosure for the compressor, separator and air-circulating fan.

Other objects and advantages relate to the details of the constructionof the compressor whereby the same is rendered tight against the escapeof lubricant and the refrigerating medium, and whereby properlubrication is effected and the desired relative position of the partsmaintained.

' In the drawings: 7

Figure 1 is an elevation of an apparatus of this invention.

Figure 2 is a top plan view of a motor, fan, compressor, separatorand'condenser.

Figure 3 is a section on line 3-3 Fig- Figure 4 is an enlarged sectionsimilar to Figure 3 of'the compressor.

Figure 5 is a section on line 5-5, Figure 4:. f

Figure 6- is a view of the union. I

Figure 7 is a vertical section through th separator and compressor.

Figure 8 's a vertical section through th expansion valve apparatus. Ina general way, the structure as 111118- 1 trated in Figures 1 to 7,comprises a rotary compressor -1- driven from a motor 2- with a fan 3'-disposed between the motor and compressor and driven by the motor shaft,a condenser orcondensing coil -4.-- which, as illustrated, issubstantially U-shape in horizontal section, an expansion valve 5* incommunication with one end of the condenser '4 and also in communicationwith the upper end of the evaporator -6 disposed within a coolingchamber or brinetank -7 formed with recesses (not shown) for receivingthe usual ice-forming trays,

1926. Serial No. 102,371.

such recesses being closed by doors in;

any usual and ordinary manner.

The thermostatic devlce is positioned within the screen or case 9 and isin communication with mechanism. for actuating an' B As here shown, themotor 2-' isinounted l on and bolted to a base -11- consisting of twospaced longitudinally extending anglebars -12 mounted on a shockabsorbing member as the cork plank 13; In like manner, the compressor -1is mounted on and bolted to the angle irons 12-' The condeser.4- in thisillustration is formed of a single continuous tube or. pipe of copper orother suitable material bent to the form shown, and leads, forwardlyfrom they top of the separator -+27- and. is then curve laterally andrearwardly so as to extend along the side of the compressor andseparator atv about the level of the top of the separator and to a pointadjacent the fan -"3 where it is bent inwardly and then forwardly so asto extend along the side of the compressor and separator and is curvedaround the front of the motor and separator and extends rearwardly alongthe opposite side to a point adjacent the fan where it is bent laterallyoutwardly and then extends forwardly along the side of the compressorand separator, and is curved across the front of the latter, and thebending operation is continued with the pipe inclining slightlydownwardly so as to forma multiplicity of connected U-shape pipesections disposed .one above the other and in alignment with the innerand outer U-shape connected upper sections of the pipe, whereby aU-shape condenser is roducedv which consists of two substantia lyparallel rows ortiers'60-- and 61 respectively of verticaIly alignedpipes, the inner and outer rows of each tier being connected by curvedloops 62'- at their rear ends to form what has been termed a, horseshoecondenser which encloses the motor and separator and opens toward themotor with the fan posi-' in the --15 esigned for that purpose.

tioned adjacent the open side of the condenser. a

The condenser -4 is supported from the base -11 by means of uprights 14hav ing feet 15- secured to the base, these up rights being positionedwithin the inner vertical row 60- of pipes constituting the condenser.The upright -14 coacts with an upright clamping bar --15. disposed onthe outer side of the inner row 60 of pipes constituting the condenserto maintain the condenser in proper relation with respect to the baseand as the clamping member 15' is formed with cross grooves or channelsadapted to receive each pipe of the inner ver-- tical row 60 of pipeswhen the upright bar -14-' and the clamping member 15' are drawntogether in any suitable manner as by bolts -l6 the pipes are maintainedin properspaced relation by seating themselves rooves in the clampingmember Further, a substantially V-shape bracket 17-"extends forwardlyfrom the front end of the base 11- and has its opposite en ds connectedto the angle bars suitable manner, as byrivets and this bracket supportsa spacing post 86- which extends upwardlybetween the inner and outervertical rows -60-' and 61- of-pipes con-' stituting the condenser atsubstantially the central portion thereof, and is formed with laterallyextending grooves for receiving the pipes of both rows so as to maintainthem in proper spaced relation both vertically and horizontally. The.0st 86 may be secure'd'to bracket 1 in any suitable manner as by bolt18-, and this bolt may like-' wise extend through a'reinforcing clip 19resting against the outer surface of the post -86 at the base of thelatter, and having a groove at its upper end for receiving the lowermostpipe of the outerrow of vertical pipes constituting the condensertoclamp that pipetightly to the post at a point where it leaves, .thecondenser forponnection to" the expansionvalve -5.

The motor shaft -20 as here illustrated is formed separately from thecompressorshaftand the fan secured to the motor shaft in any suitablemanner, as by riveting'to collar 2I-' set-screwed to the forward end ofthe motor shaft. In like manner ber to the sum of the openings containedinboth of the collars, and shouldered spindles 87 are'provided forseparately securing each collar to the disk, the reduced portion of thespindle being positioned in the collar- 2- in anyand the larger portionbeing seatedin one of the openings in the disk. In this manner thecollar 21- drives the interposed disk 24.-- and the 'disk in turn drivesthe collar -23- and the compressor shaft. The interposed fiexible diskcompensates for any slight variations in the alignment of the shafts.

The compressor of this invention comprises a substantially cylindricalcasing,

--26, which casing in this illustration is integral with the pear-shapeseparator casing 27; Cylinder heads 28- and 29- respectively are securedto the opposite ends of the' cylindrical casing 26-'- in any suitablemanner, as by bolts '88'-. Each of these heads is formedwith a circularrecessed portion of a diameter adapted to tightly receive the packingand supporting plates 30.. and 31-- respectively, but

these recesses are of slightly greater depth than the thickness of theend plates '30 and *31 respectively, and these plates are of somewhatgreater diameter'than the iiiternal diameter of the cylindrical chamberwithin the casing 26 so as to fit against the ends of the casing --26and form a closed chamber, except .for the center openings in the platesthrough which the stub shafts '32 and '33- respectively formedintegrally with the cylindrical rotor --34- extend, each end head beinformed in its outer surface with a recess a apted to receive the rolleror other anti-frictional bearings 35 and 36 substantially asillustrated. Each of these bearings in the usual manner comprises anouter ring, an inner ring and an interposed anti-frictional member as aroller, the inner rings substantially fitting the stub-shafts 32 and 33respectively.

The plate 30- is maintained agaii st the adjacent surface of the casing26' by coil spring 40, one end of which rests-against theinn'er ring ofthe bearing -S5-- and the other end of which is positioned within aconcave cap 41 resting against the inner surface of the. head -28- andpreferably the head is formed with a recess and the cap with a'smallcentral protuberance adapted to seat in the recess to maintain thespring in proper alignment. The pressure of the fluid lubricantcontained in separator chamber .27

assists in holding ,the packingv plates against ,the ends of the casing--26 as hereinafter described. The stub shaft '33- is connected tothe:

compressor shaft -22 by an interposed union-42 which permits relativelongitudinal movement of the two shafts. This union 42 as best shown inFigure 6 consists of a disk -41'- having flanges 45- and +4G projectingfrom its opposite faces,

and preferably the flanges are disposed at right angles to each other.One ofthese. flanges 46 is adapted to seat in a recess im the end of astub shaft while the other flange 4=5 seats in a recess in the enlargedforward end -47 of the compressor shaft -22. The compressor shaft 22 isjournaled in a bushing 48'- fitted tightly within an extension -49 onthe cylinder head -29, the bushing being enlarged at its forward end soas to form a flange adapted to contact with the internal surface of theforward end of the extension 49 so as to prevent rearwardmovement of thebushing. The forward end of the bushing 48- is formed with a concave orconical ground surface 50 for tight engagement with a similarly formedground surface 51 on the enlarged end 47 of the shaft -22-- to form atight joint to prevent leakage of the refrigerant around the drivingshaft, and the helical spring 52 surrounding the shaft -3 3- has one endin contact with the inner ring ofthe bearing -36- and its other endincontact with the disk '44 of the unionfriction due to the pressure ofthe springs -40 and 52 and the head pressure transmitted through thelubricant in the separator or reservoir 27. The spring pressure behindthe plates 30 and 3l also allows the plates to yield and relieve unduepressure that might result from the passage of slugs of liquidrefrigerant through the pump. The rotor +34- is made enough shorter thanthe length between the end faces of the casing 26 to allow for thepresence of two oil films, one at each end of the rotor and as movementof the end plates 30 and -3l is limited by the opposite end faces of thecasing external ressure on these plates will not exert any rictionalpressure upon the ends of the rotor -34. The rotor 34 may include anydesired number of blades -54, in this instance two are shown radiallymovable in longitudinal grooves or recesses in the cylinder of therotor, and is here illustrated normally held in running relation withthe interior of the casin 26 by helical springs '.55- carried 30y pins-56'which may, as shown, extend into recesses in the inner edges of therespective blades '54. The springs 40- and 52 also serve to take up anywearv in the roller bearings, and thus keep the rotor in its originalposition, and this is of considerable importance in this type of rotarypump as the rotor should make a gas-tight contact with the bore ofcasing 26 along a line at the top of the bore.

Lubricant is fed to-the bearings for the rotor from separator E27through a stand pipe -57 which extends some distance up- The end plates30 and 31.'

wardly into the separator or reservoir -27-- so as to form a trap forthe lubricant. Th lubricant flows through pipe -57- into a longitudinalconduit 58-- through casing --26- which may contain an suitable wickingto grooves -59 and -60- in the respective cylinder heads, and from thesegrooves flows to the bearings for the compressor shaft and rotor.

The increase in head pressure transmitted through the lubricant adds tothe pressure between the surfaces -50 and 51-- so that to a considerableextent the pressure preventing leakagebetween the packing surfaces atthe joint will increase automatically with the head pressure which tendsto cause the leakage.

Within the extension 4:9- at the'rear of the bushing -48 there ispositioned a suitable compressible packing 6, 1- which par tiallyseatsin the under-cut portion in the rearof the bushing and in an under-cutportion at the forward end of the gland 62 at the rear of the packing,such glandbeing held in place by compression spring -63 and cap-64'threaded onto the extension 49-- and adapted to maintain the springunder the desired degree of compression.

The compressed refrigerating medium and lubricant flows from the pumpthrough outlet 65 into the pipe 66 extendin vertically within theseparator 27- and terminating near the upper end of the separator in aclosed end, such pipe being provided near its upper closedend with oneor more radial openings 67 constituting an outlet for the compressedrefrigerating medium and lubricant. The lubricant settles in theseparating chamber while the compressed refrigerant escapes through theout- 'let',68 into the condenser 4. The

the pressure and permit the passage of the refrigerating medium andlubricant. s

As before stated, the refrigerating medium after passing throughcondenser comes to the expansion valve 5 which controls its flow to tank6. This expansionvalve,

as illustrated'in Figure 8, comprises a casing I 74----, in thisinstance of substantially circularcross-section and oval form invertical cross-section. The lower. portion-of the casing -74' is formedwith anoutlet '-75- controlled by valve 76' carried by the float -'77.stem threaded into an internally threaded- As shown, the valve has arecess in the lower end of the float. With the casing 74-. Sprin theconstruction here shown, a certain amount of liquid refrigerating mediumis trapped in the lower end of'the casing 74 by reason of the fact thatthe valve 76 is mov able in a pipe or tube .-78-- concentric with theoutlet 75 and projecting some distance upwardly within the chamberwithin -79- .is provided interposed between t e lower portion of thecasing -74 and the lower end of float 7 7 and surrounding pipe 78- andvalve -76 for supporting or partially supporting float 77. spring is ofabout sufiicient strength to carry the weight, of the float and-assistsin the initial upward movement of the float, altho it is not strongenough to maintain the float in a position where valve '76 would remain0 en. The upper end of casing -74 is prov ded with a threaded nip 1e 80to which a gage 94 and relief valve 82- may be connected, if desired.And within the nip le 8Q- there is posi-' tioned the upper en of a guiderod -81.

de ending into the chamber within casing 4- and threaded into a recess-83'-' and parts t ereof, I do not desire to restrict myself to tieparticular details of this disclosure, as various changes andmodifications may be made within the scope-of the appended claims.

I claim 4 .7

1. An apparatus of the class described comprising a cylindrical casing,cylinder heads. at opposite .ends of and secured to the casing, endplates of greater diameter than theinternal diameter of the casing andextending across theopposite respective ends of the casing'and locatedwithin the respective cylinder heads, hearings in said end plates, arotor within said casing having a shaft journaled in respective bearin sin the end plates, and springs formaintalning the end plates in contactwith the casing.

2. An apparatus of the class described comprising'a cylindrical casing,c linder heads at oppositeends of arid secure to the casing, end platesof greater diameter than the in- In other words, theit is returnedternal diameter of the casing and extending across the oppositerespective ends of the casing and located within the respective cylinderheads, bearings in said end plates, a rotor within said casing havingshafts journaled in respective bearings in the end. plates, springs formaintaining the end plates in contact with the casing, a compressorshaft for driving one of the rotor shafts, means connecting thecompressor shaft to the rotor shaft for simultaneous rotary movement ofpermitting relative longituthe shafts whilf a bearing for the compressordinal movemen shaft and cone surfaces on thebearingand said springs.

3. An apparatus of the class described comprising a cylindrical casing,cylinder heads at opposite ends of and secured to said casing, anendplate at one end of the casing, an anti-. frictional bearing carriedby said end plate, a rotor Within the casing provided with a thecompressor shaft held in contact by one of rotor shaft journaled in saidanti-friction bearing, a compressor shaft having a tapered surface, abearing for the compressor shaft having a complementary tapered surface,a

"union connecting the compressor shaft to the rotor shaft forsimultaneous rotary movement of said shaft while permitting relativelongi-.

tudinal movement of the shafts, and spring means for maintaining the endplate in substantial contact with the adjacent end of the casing, andfor maintaining the tapered surface on the compres'sorshaft in contactwith the tapered surface on the bearing.

4. An apparatus of the class described comprising a cylindrical casing,cylinder heads at opposite-ends of and secured to said casing,

an end plate at one end-of the casing,'an ant-ifrictional bearin carriedby said end plate,

a, rotor within t e casing provided with a rotor shaft journaled in saidanti-friction bearin a compressor shaft having a taper-- ed sur ace, abearing for the compressor shaft having a complementary tapered surface,a union connecting the compressor shaft to the rotor shaft forsimultaneous rotar movement of said shaftswhile permitting re ativelongitudinal movement of the shafts, spring means for maintaining theend plate in substantial contact with the adjacent endof the cas-= ingand for maintaining the tapered surface on the compressor shaft incontact with the tapered surface on the bearing, a second'end plate atthe opposite end of the casing, an

anti-friction bearing carried by said end plate, a rotor shaft journaledin said bearing, and spring means for maintaining said end plate insubstantial contact with the casing.

- 5.'A n apparatus of the class described comprising a cylindricalcasing, c linder heads at opposite ends of and secure to the casing, endplates of greater diameter than the internal diameter of the casing'andextending across the opposite respective ends of the casing and'lhcatedwithin the respective cylinder/heads, bearings in said end plates, a,rotor within said casing having shafts ournaled in respective bearingsin the end plates, springs for maintaining the end plates in contactwith the casing, a compressor shaft for driving one of the rotor shafts,and means connecting the compressor shaft to the rotor shaft forsimultaneous rotary movement of the shafts while permitting relativelongitudinal movement.

. 6. An apparatus of the class described comsprings for. normallymaintaining the end plates in contact with the casing.

7. An apparatus of the class described comprising a cylindrical casingcylinder heads at opposite ends of and secured to the casing, an endplate at one end of the casing free to move with respect to the casing,a bearing carried by said end plate, a rotor within the casing providedwith a rotor shaft journaled in said bearing, a compressor shaft formedwith a ground surface, a bearing for the compressor shaft having acomplementary ground surface for contact with the ground surface on theshaft, and spring means for normally maintaining said complementaryground surfaces in contact and 4 for maintaining the end plate incontact with the casing. p .7

8. An apparatus of the class described comprising a cylindrical casing,cylinder heads at opposite ends of and secured to the casing, an endplate at one end of the casing free to move with respect to the casing,a bearing carried by said end plate, a rotor within the casing providedwith a rotor shaft journaled 'in said bearing, a compressor shaft formedwith a ground surface, a bearing for the compressor shaft having acomplementary ground surface, a union connecting the compressor shaft tothe rotor shaft for simultaneous rotary movement of said shafts whilepermitting relative longitudinal movement of the shafts, and springmeans for maintaining the end plate in substantial contact with theadjacent end of the casing and for maintaining the complementary groundsurfaces with respect to the casing, a bearing carried by said endplate, a rotor Within the casing provided with a rotor shaft journaledin said bearing, a compressor shaft formed with an outwardly projectingflange having a ground surface, a bearing for the compressor shafthaving an outwardly extending complementary ground surface for contactwith the ground surface on said flange, and spring means for normallymaintaining said complementary ground surfaces in contact and formaintaining the end plate in contact with the casing.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 9th, day of April,1926.

WILLIAM O. HILDRETI-I on the compressor shaft and its bearing contact.

9. An apparatus of the class described comprising a cy indrical'casing,cylinder heads at opposite ends of and secured to the casing, an

end plate at one end of the casing free to move

